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Abstract

Board Games of the World

Board games have been played throughout the world by people of many
different cultures and backgrounds across a time span of millennia. The
oldest known games date back to about 3500 B.C. Board games may be
categorized according to the type of strategy dictated by the rules of
the game. These categories include race games, war games, games of
position, and Mancala games. Today these are considered abstract games
although when they originated the games may have represented real life
situations like battles.

The book Board Games of the World is about the history, the boards, the
rules, and the strategy of many different board games, as well as ideas
on how to build the boards. This is a book for all ages, with a
straightforward, easy-to-understand explanation of the rules, to ideas
for constructing elaborate game boards. Some games have a simple set of
rules that can easily be learned by younger children and these games
will make interesting projects for the schoolroom.

The game descriptions below will give you a sample of what you will
find in the book.

Race Games

In race games the opponents compete by moving their pieces around a
pre-determined track on the board. The first player to complete the
circuit with all his pieces is the winner. Race games may be divided
into two types, pure races and running fight games. In pure race games
the opponents compete by moving their pieces around a pre-determined
track on the board. The winner is the first player that completes the
circuit with all their pieces. During these games, pieces may be
captured, removed from the board and forced to start the circuit again.
These games include Senet, Pachisi, and Backgammon.

In running fight games the pieces are moved in repeated laps over same
circuit attempting to capture their opponent's pieces. Captured pieces
are removed from the game. The winner is the player whose opponent no
longer has pieces still remaining on the circuit. The running fight
games include Zohn Ahl, Bul, Puluc and Ad Elta Stelpur.

All these games use various forms of dice such as six-sided cube dice,
two or four-sided throwing sticks, cowrie shells, marked corn grains or
knucklebones.
* Jungle
* Ludo
* Pachisi
* Puluc
* Senet
* Tabula
* Royal Game of Ur

War Games

In war games the players marshal their armies made up of pieces of
different strengths in combat against each other. The objective is
usually to capture the enemy King or all the opponent's pieces. War
games can generally be divided in to those with equal opponent forces
and those with unequal forces. In games with equal forces both sides
have exactly the same type and number of pieces and have identical
objectives. These games include Alquerque, Seega, Ming Mang, Checkers
and Chess. In games with unequal forces each player has different
numbers of pieces with different capabilities, and in addition the
goals of each player are different. These games include Ringo, Tigers
and Goats, Fox and Geese, Pulijudam, Tablut and other games of the Tafl
family. Many of these games with unequal forces are also known as hunt
games.
* Adugo
* Brax
* Bizingo
* Bagh Chal
* Dablot Prejjesne
* Dama
* Damone
* Gala
* Four-Field Kono
* Makyek
* Ming Mang
* Pulijudam
* Reversi
* Sixteen Soldiers
* Seega
* Surakarta

Games of Position

Games of position are those in which the location of a player's pieces
on the board in relation to those of his opponent is of prime
importance. In these games the players fight for control of regions of
the board. Games of position include Achi, Nine Men's Morris, Renju and
Go.
* Agon
* Alquerque
* Fanoroma
* Hex
* Morabaraba
* Mu Torere
* Pah Tum
* Queah
* Salta

Mancala Games

Mancala is these days the name given to a family of board games played
throughout Africa, the Caribbean, India and south-east Asia. In these
games the players distribute their counters along a fixed track and
attempt to capture their opponent's pieces by arriving at a particular
position when the count is exhausted. These games are usually played on
wooden boards with two, three or four rows of holes carved into them.
Sometimes these games are played in a set of holes scooped in the
ground. The counters used for these games include stones, marbles,
seeds, beans, cowrie shells or small lumps of dung.
* Dakon
* Gabata
* //Hus
* Layli Goobalay
* Maruba

Glossary

Figure 1: Rank and File

Advance capture
Capture of a piece by advancing to a square immediately adjacent
to it. This is used in Fanorona.

Bear off
To remove pieces from a backgammon board

Castling
A special move by a King and a Rook in Chess

Column
See Figure 1.

Custodial capture
Capture of a piece by trapping it between two of the opponent's
pieces.

Diagonal move
A move diagonal to rank and file as shown in Figure 1.

Die
The singular of dice. A device used to obtain a random number to
advance a game piece, usually a cube marked with the numbers 1
to 6 on each face.

Dice
Plural of die.

Dice Sticks
Two or four-sided throwing sticks.

En passant
Capture of a pawn that has made an initial two-square move.

En prise
A piece is en prise when it is open to capture at the opponent's
next move.

Fork
A simultaneous attack on two or more of the opponent's pieces.

File
See Figure 1.

Figure 2: Short and Long Leaps

Intervention capture
Capture by placing a piece between two of the opponent's pieces
so that both the opponent's pieces are captured.

Huff
The removal of a piece that has failed to capture when it was
able to do so.

Long dice
Two or four-sided dice. Also called dice sticks or throwing
sticks.

Long leap
A jump by a piece over an opponent's piece to land beyond it
where there may be any number of vacant space on either side of
the captured piece as shown in Figure 2B.

Orthogonal move
A move along a rank or file as shown in Figure 1.

Point
The intersection of two lines on a board.

Promotion
On reaching a certain rank a piece may be promoted and thereby
acquire additional capability.

Rank
See Figure 1.

Replacement capture
Capture by moving a piece onto a space occupied by the
opponent's piece.

Row
See Figure 1.

Short leap
A jump by a piece over an opponent's adjacent piece to land on a
space immediately beyond it as shown in Figure 2A.

Withdrawal capture
Capture of a piece by moving away from a square immediately
adjacent to it. This is used in Fanorona.

End of Abstract

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